Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) are simple bio-electrochemical devices that have the potential to treat wastewater and generate power through anaerobic respiration of microorganisms. Microalgae can grow in wastewater conditions utilizing CO2, nutrients, and other pollutants from the medium, and it has good symbiotic interactions with bacteria; this synergetic interaction has gained its application in integrating with microalgae-based MFCs. Microalgae produce O2 through photosynthesis, can reduce the need for external oxygen supply, and can take part in the cathodic process. The bacteria from the anodic compartment capture O2 and provide bioelectricity. Microalgae-integrated MFC can treat wastewater and provide sustainable bioenergy conversion through biomass production. This approach has led to the application of MFCs with algae-assisted cathodes to treat wastewater and generate power. The harvested biomass from this integrated treatment system can produce value-added products through biorefinery approaches. This chapter aims to cover the advantages associated with micro-algaeintegrated MFC for the application of electricity generation, carbon capture, wastewater treatment, algal biomass production, operating conditions, and its impacts on power generation. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2024.
