Treatment of wastewater and generation of energy are major challenges faced by many countries. This chapter examines the treatment of industrial-related pollution using an energy recovery technology that addresses the problems of both industrial wastewater treatment and electricity. Microbial fuel cells (MFCs) represent an innovative sustainable technology solution that generates bioenergy and simultaneously treats wastewater. MFCs are associated with the merits of low-cost factors and eco-friendly approaches. The chapter presents different configurations and working of MFCs, important parameters, electrode materials, proton exchange membranes, and recent analysis. Further, the most indispensable approach of the MFC-based technology discussed serves as sustainable means toward the treatment of industrial wastewater. © 2023 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
