Water is the lifeline of all living forms on earth, meeting the demand for drinking water and acquiring safe water is a pipe dream for the majority of people in the world as well as a big issue too. There are lots of challenges accustomed to the availability of drinking water due to increasing problems like intense urbanization, chemical product usage, and the presence of emerging contaminants. From the review done in the paper, groundwater is noted to have better quality than surface waters but is lacking in terms of agricultural run-offs percolation and inappropriate disposal of domestic effluents. As much as there are several kinds of water treatment technologies available for treating water, these systems would be inappropriate or too expensive for a large population in developing countries rural areas, and underdeveloped countries. More research interests are growing in water microbiological quality and lowering waterborne diseases. All of these approaches are essentially intended to remove pollutants and contaminants from water adsorb them and in turn, make them safe for drinking. This chapter discusses traditional practices like sedimentation, solar disinfection, and various filtration methods that are widely used in rural areas. However, rural treatments of water differ according to climate, water resources, quality, adaptability of treatment methods, and skills of the people implementing the techniques. © 2024 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
